Community Supervision Is Not A New Concept - 1335 Words

Introduction Adult Probation, also known as community supervision is not a new concept that is occurring in today’s criminal justice system in the United States. In the year 1841, John Augustus introduces probation in the United States in Boston and later recognized as the â€Å"Father of Probation† (Petersilia, 1997). John Augustus convinced a judge to release a drunkard into his custody to help the man find a job and become sober. After Augustus’ success in his first case, he began to offer his services to other individuals involved in criminal activity. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, approximately 267,400 Ohio residents were under community supervision at the end of 2013. With a high amount of individuals on probation in Ohio, the question should be asked â€Å"How can adult probation departments around the state of Ohio have the greatest impact on such a large group of individuals?† At Summit County adult probation, this student has observed that most probation officers have caseloads with approximately 120-140 probationers at any one time. Probation officers have a difficult time giving adequate attention to each offender on their caseload. Petersilia stated in her article â€Å"Offenders in large urban areas are often assigned to 100-plus caseloads, in which meetings occur at most once a month,and employment or treatment progress is seldom monitored. As long as no rearrest occurs, offenders can successfully complete probation whether or not conditions have beenShow MoreRelatedProbation Parole And Parole Case1367 Words   |  6 Pages Approximately 1 in 51 adults in the United States was under community supervision at yearend 2013, the lowest rate observed since 1996 (Herberman Bonczar, 2014, p.1). Probation/parole supervision also known as community supervision, helps individuals (ex-criminals) acclimate back in their community. Probation is used when a judge chooses to let the offender serve his sentence under officer supervision in the community, rather than in prison. It is usually given to individuals that have committedRead MoreFor My Research Paper, I Desired To Learn More About Juvenile1474 Words   |  6 Pagescrime was as low as homeless ness. However, in 1830, the Maryland adopted the policy of separating juvenile delinquents from adult criminals. The first concept for juvenile services was a house of refuge, however, it took 20 years for this concept to become a physical reality. From 1850 to 1882, Maryland built four more facilities for juveniles. These new â€Å"reform houses† were governed by private boards and segregated by race and sex. All of the â€Å"houses† were eventually organized as training schools andRead MorePrison Case Study1224 Words   |  5 PagesCreating a New Program Dallas County Jail houses inmates that are currently awaiting trial for cases that they have be charged or alleged to have committed. Many of the inmates of the Dallas County jail are eligible for a bond that is previously set by Magistrates/ Judges upon the inmate’s arrest for the alleged offense. The inmates often face the possibility of losing employment and housing as well as possible family crisis as a result of current incarceration. Many of the inmates face the taskRead MoreProbation And Parole And Juvenile Offenders Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pages Probation and parole were unknown concepts until the early 19th century. Just over one-hundred years old, the emphasis has moved from the offender to concern for the welfare of the community, altogether public safety. Probation and parole accommodates the offender by allowing them to reenter or remain in society, while they serve their sentences. Today, the probation and parole agencies in the United States handle millions and only sixty percent of probationers complete their obligations successfullyRead MoreThe Progression Of Social Work Supervision Essay706 Words   |  3 Pagessocial work supervision from the onset of the field of social work through today, as follows; †¢ 1890’s - 1930’s focused on accountability. †¢ 1920’s 1930’s supervision was introduced as a concept in educational programs. †¢ 1945-1990 focused on administrative, education, and support. †¢ Today supervision is focusing on the micro, mezzo and macro domains of practices that have become increasingly complex requiring further research. They researched seven major texts on the topic of supervision in theRead MoreInstructional Leadership : The Implementation Of Strategic Planning Concepts Regarding Quality Instruction Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pages What is your definition of instructional leadership? Instructional leadership is the implementation of strategic planning concepts regarding quality instruction. Instructional leadership warrants the utilization of essential materials and resources, composing effective goals and objectives, and evaluating teacher performance in relations to quality instruction. Guiding and supporting educators with the intention of generating effecting learning environments drives instructional leadership. MoreRead MoreEssay on History of Corrections1749 Words   |  7 Pagesthey could reflect on their past miss-deeds†¦and be reformed,† (Clear, Cole, Reisig). The American penitentiary and its new concept was observed and adopted by other foreign countries. The Pennsylvania system of the penitentiary was based on inmate isolation so that they could ponder their past behavioral choices. In this system the inmates were confined to labor on their own. In New York they had a different system, known as the Auburn system. This system differed from the Pennsylvania system becauseRead MoreProbation Parole : Probation And Parole1541 Words   |  7 Pagessociety accept this program and the people? Is probation/parole effective and why. How the probation and parole system is governed and how effective is it? Probation vs Parole differ in regard to the period during which an offender is placed under supervision. Is probation effective and why. When an individual is supervised as an alternative to imprisonment it is known as probation. The probation process is less expensive then providing years of care with in the prison. The system benefits not justRead MoreProbation : Probation And Parole1544 Words   |  7 Pagessociety accept this program and the people? Is probation/parole effective and why. How the probation and parole system is governed and how effective is it? Probation v s Parole differs in regard to the period during which an offender is placed under supervision. Is probation effective and why. When an individual is supervised as an alternative to imprisonment, it is known as probation. The probation process is less expensive than providing years of care within the prison. The system has benefited notRead MoreParole Is The Release Of A Convicted Offender1230 Words   |  5 Pagesthe law, which suspends the convicted offender’s sentence for a period of time and releases the offender back into the community under specific conditions (Alarid Del Carmen, 2012). The start of probation can be linked to England’s criminal law. During Henry VIII’s time, harsh sanctions were placed on adults and children for violations of the law that were sometimes minor (New York City Government, 2015). The upper class members of the society eventually became dissatisfied with the harsh punishments

Cultural Competence Within The Healthcare World Essay

Cultural competence can be used as a strategy to improve quality healthcare and help in getting over racial and ethnic disparities. It is only one solution to reducing racial/ethnic disparities in the healthcare systems. With that said many health care facilities are taking part in cultural competence. Although in this topic we are dealing with healthcare, cultural competence can be utilized within most businesses such as retail, the military and other government related jobs (Harris, 2011) as well as the food industry. With that said, Cultural competence has become a popular strategy within the healthcare world. Before I begin to explain how I would incorporate Cultural Competence into my work environment, I feel as though I must first explain what Cultural Competence is. Cultural Competence is when you bring employees together of various cultural backgrounds as well as those that have different values, beliefs, Attitudes and behaviors to form a system that helps them work together effectively (Ingram, 2012). Cultural Competency is very important in any work environment because it opens up communication between co-workers in conversations so that they can work together without barriers. When health providers and workers can come together to help each other better understand patients and their different beliefs as well as value them it helps in serving each patients unique needs (Campinha-Bacote, 2011). Some of the patient that may fall under cultural competency are thoseShow MoreRelatedDiversity in Healthcare1335 Words   |  6 PagesDiversity in Healthcare Have you ever been to the doctor and dont quite understand what the provider is telling you, or are you a healthcare worker and you dont understand your patients? Should the healthcare provider get diversity training or should they maybe learn new languages? More than ever before, healthcare professionals are subjected to dealing with a number of immense and different cultural diversities. While diversity is often a term used to refer specifically to cultural differencesRead MoreCultural Competence and the Disabled876 Words   |  4 Pages We are born into our ethnicity, race, gender, and culture. They are a part of who we are when we enter this world. One of the few diversities that may be acquired later on in our lives is disability. All of us, regardless of where we come from, what we believe, or who we are, can be afflicted with some form of disability in our life time through disease, accident, or other conditions that render us incapable of caring for ourselves in the s ame way that was possible before. This knowledge createsRead MoreCultural Competency For A Successful Profession1414 Words   |  6 PagesCULTURAL COMPETENCY IN NURSING For a successful profession, cultural competence should be put into consideration to create an environment that favors better communication. Since migration of people across the globe has increased, it has resulted to a population that is ethnically diverse. Nurses must therefore interact with a diversified community, hence the need to learn about their culture. When involved in a work team, the following disciplines should be considered: valuing diversity, having theRead MoreDiversity Also Increases Adaptability Due To A Diverse1499 Words   |  6 Pagesexciting job environment where people share ideas, cultural issues. Even though diversity provides some benefits, it also poses some disadvantages to the business. Diversity creates communication barrier because of language misunderstanding. Also, people differ in negotiation skills, and decision making approaches. In a diverse workforce, this is problematic. Workplace teams can function inefficiently due to diversity because people different cultural approaches, hence, do not agree on one solutionRead MoreHealth Care Practices And Its Impact On An Individual s Health Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pagesstereotypes and resulting discrimination can extend into other areas of life, such as receiving or delivering health care. Healthcare practices and regard for healthcare employees vary across the different cultures. Patients differ due to various aspects. These differences constitute of patient illness, personality, socioeconomic class or education, however the most endless variation is cultural. Race, religion, language, education, ethnicity and economic status are the essence of culture that has a significantRead MoreCulture Competence Essay1348 Words   |  6 Pages Culture in a general sense is patterns, behaviors, beliefs, values, customs and life ways that have been passed on from person to person, generation to generation, within a family and group of people. This group of people with the same thoughts about products of human work will also share implicit or explicit patterns of their world view and decision making. There are different cultures all around us. The primary characteristics of culture are the obvious things that meet the eye such as; nationalityRead MoreCultural Competency and Cultural Humility in Nursing Practice1545 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Competency and Cultural Humility in Nursing Practice Lisa Watson UMASS Boston Online Professional Issues in Nursing NU 360 Ms. Carol Moran November 08, 2012 Abstract You may not like how the Presidential election turned out, but the victory of the Democrats was won partly by focusing on going after the Hispanic vote. The Hispanic population who voted for President Obama put him over the top to win. Hispanics identified with Obama. Somehow, he made a connection with thisRead MoreDiversity and Cultural Competence in Family Therapy Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pages Diversity and Cultural Competence in Family Therapy A therapist will face problems, issues and client troubles everyday. The professional must understand how their client relates to the world around them. These feelings and ideas affect how the client sees the problem and how they respond to their situation. Their actions, in turn, have bearing on individual thoughts, needs, and emotions. The therapist must be aware of the clients history, values, and culture in order to provideRead MoreThe Effects Of Culture On Health Care1642 Words   |  7 PagesConsequently, it is essential that health care organizations improve its cultural competency. Overall, the increased diversity in the population and the documented health care disparities have made cultural competency essential in order, to ensure that every patient receives quality health care services (Haynes, 2016). The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of culture on health care. Define the Role of Cultural Awareness in the Management of Health Care Culture is the integrated patternsRead MoreThe Definition Of Culture As A Social State Of Being Among Others941 Words   |  4 PagesIn every walk of life we are faced with individuals who present to us in a unique way, that we may not fully understand or comprehend who they truly believe they are. We are faced with people who come from diverse cultural backgrounds that ne may unintentionally stereotype at times. The word culture has for many centuries’ been defined and redefined with no consensus on the actual meaning of the word. But there are ideologies that all definition’s share that are: culture is a set of values and beliefs

I Am Legend Analasys Essay Free Essays

The movie I Am legend is a science fiction about Robert Neville (Will Smith), who is a military scientist and the lone survivor of a biochemical disease which was supposed to cure cancer 3 years previous. His only companion is his dog Samantha, several mannequins scattered around the city that he talks to, several animals that escaped from the zoo, and the victims of the plague brought about by the cancer cure gone rouge. Robert spends his days scavenging homes for supplies and waiting on the docks of the naval base for any survivors who are reached by his radio broadcast. We will write a custom essay sample on I Am Legend Analasys Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, his nights are spent hiding his trace and keeping a video log of his scientific research of a possible cure, tested on rats. Dr. Neville himself is immune to the airborne strain of the virus. During key parts of the movie Neville is haunted by flashbacks of his family who died while trying to evacuate the city. He is severely outnumbered and quickly running out of time. In the opening scene, a television news report between a news anchor and another woman who says the cancer treatment trials have had 100 percent success rate the news reporter responds with â€Å"So Doctor, you have created a cure for cancer haven’t you? a slight smile from the woman, â€Å"Yes, Yes we have. † The camera blacks out and goes to several scenes of a destroyed New York City with a pre-recorded message of Neville himself â€Å"My name is Robert Neville. I am a survivor living in New York City. I am broadcasting on all AM frequencies. I will be at the South Street Seaport every day at mid-day, when the sun is highest in the sky. If you are out there†¦ if anyone is out there†¦ I can provide food, I can provide shelter, and I can provide security. If there’s anybody out there†¦ nybody†¦ please. You are not alone. † During this sequence, the camera angle goes over the city in a top-down view to show the empty cars, destroyed buildings, some covered in battered and ripped quarantine plastic. During the course of the movie, the viewer discovers exactly how alone Robert is. He has prerecorded television news from years past, when he is bored he goes to the local movie rental store. There he has a friend named Fred, and a secret crush who he is too afraid to talk to. Both are mannequins. His dog Samantha is a German shepherd handed to him by his daughter Harley as their helicopter was taking off before it was brought down by an explosion cause by a crashing helicopter into the bridge. Robert always has Sam by his side except when she runs into an abandoned building while chasing a deer. Neville panics and runs in after her. They discover a colony of diseased and Robert decides to set a trap for one. Taking a vial of his own blood, he smashes it over the trap and waits. Once he catches one he is surprised that one infected exposes himself to sunlight just to roar and pant at Robert. All the while his skin begins smoking and he goes back inside. Back at his house he does his pre-dusk ritual of covering his scent with rubbing alcohol and shutting the metal shutters on the windows. He sedates the diseased and proceeds to inject her with the most recent possible strain of cure from his menagerie of lab rats. She begins to have slowed heart rate and she looks better, and then dies. He gives up hope and returns her to her previous self of infection. She is then kept in a sealed room on a stretcher. The next day as he is driving through the city he sees a mannequin the he left at the video store. Obviously mannequins cannot move and possibly the loneliness has gotten to his mind but he begins yelling at it. â€Å"Fred, if you’re real you tell me now! † with no response he begins shooting it and falls into a trap laid out by the infected leader that roared at him before. Three infected dogs run out of a building but are stopped by the last ray of sunlight. Roberts leg is crippled from the trap and can’t make it to his car. The dogs run to them and go after Robert but Sam stops one and gets bitten. Robert goes home with Sam and injects her with the potential drug that didn’t work on the infected girl. The serum fails and Sam turns. Robert has no choice but to kill her. This moment seems to be the most memorable in the entire movie for anyone who watches it. Most people also seem to come close to tears or at least become depressed. The viewer becomes emotionally invested and hopes Robert finds a cure and Sam has always been there right by his side, it seems almost like counter logic for moviegoers to see the sidekick die. Robert flies into a depression fuel rage. Everything he has loved has been taken by this virus None of his serums have worked, and he is, as far as he knows, the last un infected alive. He takes his land rover to the docks and begins running over infected on a suicidal mission. He is overpowered but is saved by a woman who is searching for the survivor’s colony. She also has a son. They all go back to Roberts’s house. She does not follow his strict trace removal and the hoard of infected find them. They fall back to the sealed room finding that the infected girl has been cured. Robert takes a vial of her blood and has the woman and son hide on a bunker in the wall till dawn. Robert sacrifices himself knowing they will not stop until they are dead. The ending scene is a voiceover of the woman as she walks up to the colony handing them the vial. While it’s unlikely that the recipients of such biotech drugs would turn into raging night creatures that are afraid of sunlight, the truth is actually far scarier. The TGN1412 drug trial, in this drug trial, which tested an experimental arthritis drug on patients, things went terribly wrong: After being injected with the anti-inflammatory drug TGN1412, patients began tearing their shirts off, screaming that their heads were going to explode. One patient’s head swelled to triple its normal size, and patients were passing out, vomiting, or screaming in sheer terror. Within minutes after the injections, patients were suffering from severe breathing attacks, convulsions and excruciating pain. As a relative to one of the victims explained: â€Å"He was completely lifeless, like a shell. He can’t even move his eyelids. This machine is pumping out his lungs and his face is puffed out like The Elephant Man. † This is real life, not science fiction. And yet it sounds a lot like some of the side effects of the viral injection imagined in I Am Legend. While the movie was science fiction, the truth is, modern medicine is quite capable of making a mistake that unleashes a deadly virus and devastates humankind. Sources Cited: DVD video. â€Å"I Am Legend Burbank, CA : Warner Home Video, [2008] I Am Legend Critique. Anti Essays. Retrieved March 18, 2013, from the World Wide Web: http://www. antiessays. com/free-essays/308801. html Interview/journal. New England Journal of Medicine. â€Å"Cytokine Storm in a Phase 1 Trial of the Anti-CD28 Monoclonal Antibody TGN1412. † August 14, 2006. How to cite I Am Legend Analasys Essay, Essays

The Moonstone Dual Narratives free essay sample

Kendra Lynch English 1302 Ms. Olsen 15 March 2011 The Moonstone Wilkie Collins’s famous detective novel, The Moonstone (1868), takes place in the 1840s during the high-Victorian imperialist age, a time in which the British experienced a long period of contentment and prosperity. During this time, a strong sense of anti-feminism seemed to thrive in British society. Despite this fact, Wilkie Collins did not hesitate to make the women in his novel central characters that have a great influence on the plot. Collins’s effort to balance the plot and characterization in his novel was a great success. The characters in The Moonstone are more than just fictional characters, as they portray various social and religious messages and scores of Collins’s personal ideas. The plot of The Moonstone is stimulated by secrecy, and its story line is further complicated by the suppressed voices of women in the story. Wilkie Collins’s unique narration, complicated social messages, and intricate symbolism are all separate features of the novel that make it outstanding. The novel begins with a prologue called â€Å"The Storming of Seringapatam (1799): (Extracted from a Family Paper)† (Collins 5), when the British are currently raiding the palace of General Baird. An English adventurer named John Herncastle obtained possession of a magnificent, yellow diamond that was sacred to the Hindus. In his last breath, one of the Brahmin men opened his mouth and spoke in his indigenous language saying â€Å"The Moonstone will have its vengeance yet on you and yours! † (Collins 6-7). After the prologue, the novel advances to fifty years later. Herncastle willed the marvelous diamond to his niece, Rachel Verinder, who is soon to receive the diamond as a gift for her eighteenth birthday from her cousin, Franklin Blake. â€Å"Herncastle’s gift of the diamond to Rachel was not a gift of love but a ‘gift’ of a curse and vengeance† (Grinstein 134). On the night of Rachel’s party, the diamond was stolen out of her room with no signs of how it may have vanished. This mysterious event can be seen as the turning point in the novel, as it causes the plot to accelerate and continue on in a whirlwind of false accusations, passionate emotions, several unforeseen eaths, and major trust issues between family members, including the servants of the house. The narration of The Moonstone is a very unique feature of the novel as it is told through the perspective of eleven different narrators. Collins’s use of multiple narrators â€Å"wrenches authority away from an individual first-person narrator or an ill-defined but omnipresent omniscient narrator† (Free 342). Because the story is told through various points of view, the reader is able to better understand Collins’s intricate plot by following the story through the eyes and minds of all his characters. Patrick Brantlinger notes how the plot unravels â€Å"through the gradual discovery of knowledge, until at the end what detective and reader know coincides with what the secretive or somehow remiss narrator-author has presumably known all along† (Gruner 226). The reader only knows what the characters themselves knew about the events at the time they experienced them; this essentially puts them in a detective position. Not only does Collins keep his readers guessing, but he also uses his characters to present social messages to his readers throughout the story. Ian Duncan states that â€Å"the characterological scheme expresses a historical and cultural crisis of national dimensions† (Duncan 300). In most Victorian novels, servants exist as background characters, and nothing more. Contrarily, several of the main characters of The Moonstone are servants who not only play significant roles in the story, but also discuss their social positions. Rosanna Spearman and Gabriel Betteredge are two examples of servants who frequently speak up and make various comments about social class. Betteredge is a very stubborn, prejudiced man who does not trust any man other than a white Englishman. He believes that he is nothing more than the average man, and he feels that the rich have more â€Å"luxuries† than members of the working class: People in high life have all the luxuries to themselves—among others, the luxury of indulging their feelings. People in low life have no such privilege. Necessity, which spares our betters, has no pity on us. We learn to put our feelings back into ourselves, and to jog on with our duties as patiently as may be. I dont complain of this—I only notice it (Collins 166). In other words, when a tragedy such as Rosanna’s suicide occurs, servants must force a smile on their faces and continue on with their tasks while the rich are allowed to grieve and mourn as long as they feel necessary. Rosanna’s suicide â€Å"shows how members of the working class are invisible to those they serve† (Heller 249). The only thing standing between Blake and Rosanna is her working-class status. Before taking her own life, Rosanna leaves a letter for Blake in which she describes her emotional pain and his apathy. After Rosanna’s voice is finally heard through her letter, it becomes clear that she could not communicate directly with Franklin due her to position in society and her femininity. The Moonstone contains not only social messages dealing with society and class, but also social messages related to religious issues of the time. Wilkie Collins succeeds in mirroring the Victorian society through his diverse characters, as most English people in this era were searching for a moral truth to put their faith in. Religion is significant in most of the characters’ lives; however, it plays a different role for each of them. In the first scene, three Brahmin men illustrate Hindu mythology to the reader. The introduction of Orientalism creates an atmosphere of theology and suspense which hinders English society rather than Indian society. Betteredge feels that the â€Å"devilish Indian diamond† (Roy 660) has invaded the sanctity of the English home. Ezra Jennings is a physician who bases his faith on medicine and scientific reasoning. Lady Verinder and her daughter, Rachel, are both affiliated with the Church of England. Despite the fact that they are both Christian, Miss Clack habitually tells them that they must convert to her form of Christianity or they will go to hell. Miss Clack, along with Godfrey Ablewhite who also verbalizes his religion, is a complete hypocrite. As she preaches to the reader, she exclaims, â€Å"Oh, my young friends and fellow-sinners Let your faith be as your stockings, and your stockings as your faith. Both ever spotless, and both ready to put on at a moments notice! † (Collins 203). In other words, she implies that her devout faith is nothing more than a front that she can â€Å"put on† and take off. Lastly, unlike most Victorian novels, The Moonstone contains female characters that are skillfully developed and unconventional. Many critics believe that Collins was genuinely feminist for his time and that he had a great interest in contemporary social issues of his time. Gender stereotypes are asserted by different characters throughout the novel, but the majority of them get repudiated. Collins gives his female characters a solid, sharp presence, unlike all the other delineations of literary heroines of his time period. In fact, the women lay such significant roles that â€Å"†¦the plot of The Moonstone is complicated by the silence of women,† as they â€Å"conceal their own motivations and what they know of others’ in order to protect secrets of their own, thus complicating and ultimately doubling the plot†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gruner 225). Another essential element of the plot is the use of symbols throughout the novel. The first and most important symbol that Coll ins introduces is, of course, the Moonstone. The diamond is described as a beautiful, yellow gem that is sacred to the Hindu people. It is a symbol of what most humans tend to spend their lives striving for—beauty and power. The Moonstone’s history is also quite dangerous, as it can easily return and infect the present. The idea that an evil past may return quickly becomes a recurring theme throughout the novel. The Moonstone â€Å"is directly responsible for Godfrey’s death, and indirectly for Rosanna’s and Lady Verinder’s. It separates Rachel and Franklin. It baffles the law and the police. It destroys the peace of the household. In short, the diamond is dark despite its brightness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lonoff 212). Many critics have discovered how the diamond also symbolizes Rachel’s virginity. Rachel’s purity is accentuated in the text when she is referred to as a â€Å"lily on its stem† (Collins 157). The diamond is given to Rachel Verinder on her eighteenth birthday, an age when a girl can truly be seen as a woman. During that same day, the diamond was stolen from her in the middle of the night and Rachel seemed to experience an enigmatic change. â€Å"The novel coyly plays upon the sexual metaphor of a precious, stolen gem, keeping its own secret from the reader as to whether Rachel’s virginity has been stolen along with the Moonstone† (Blumberg 175). Collins continues to develop this symbol by taking it to a further level, focusing on the more complex themes of premarital sex and defloration. At one point in the story, Godfrey Ablewhite was planning to cut the diamond into small pieces and pawn them because the diamond would be worth more if it were cut into smaller stones. â€Å"Rachel and her (uncut) diamond are both more valued in a capitalist economy for their potential than for themselves† (Gruner 230). In other words, once a woman loses her virginity, she is no longer exchange value for men, which essentially makes her less valuable to society. The repetition of the Shivering Sands symbolizes a place of comfort for some of the characters, but for others, the Sands are frightening. Rosanna admits that she is fascinated by the Sands as she says â€Å"Isn’t it wonderful? Isn’t it terrible? I have seen it dozens of times, and it’s always new to me as if I had never seen it before! † (Collins 30). For Rosanna, the Shivering Sands are a place of disclosure and comfort where she can go to hide. Unlike Rosanna, Franklin Blake feels threatened by the Sands. Being at the site of Rosanna’s death causes Franklin to feel susceptible to â€Å"the threat that this female sexuality poses to his masculine identity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Heller 253). Immediately after Blake sets foot on the quicksand, â€Å"his nerves are shaken, as if he were a neurasthenic woman, but he confesses to overpowering the fear at the moment he penetrates the quicksand†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Heller 253). At first glance, the Shivering Sands appears to be nothing more than an area of quicksand; however, it is that and much more to several of the characters in the story, especially Rosanna Spearman. The Moonstone may appear to be another ordinary mystery novel of the Victorian era; however, Collins’s complex plot consists of various twists and unexpected turns that keep his readers guessing. Many critics would strongly agree that â€Å"The Moonstone is†¦Wilkie Collins’ most remarkable performance. In this, above all his books, he achieved precisely what he set out to do, and more—for it is unlikely that he intended to produce the archetype of a new branch of English fiction† (Robinson 218). http://www. jstor. org/stable/469430 http://www.proquest.com/products-services/pqdtglobal.html

Alexander The Great Essays (418 words) - , Term Papers

Alexander The Great ALEXANDER THE GREAT This essay is about Alexander the Great. He is said to be one of the greatest military minds in history. This essay will describe his asention in to the throne, his upbringing, his great military mastermind, his impact on the world, and his famous battles with Darius of Persia. Phillip III was Alexander's father he was the king of Macedonia until he was assassinated in 330 BC. He prepped Alexander very well to succeed him. Aristotle taught him his great military tactics. This is how he gained power of the Macedonia throne. Alexander tactics became very useful when he gained his throne. Alexander took over Egypt, where hieroglyphic inscriptions show that he probably presented himself as the successor to the Persian king as the land's ruler rather than as an Egyptian pharaoh. On the coast, west of the Nile River Alexander founded a new city in 331 BC named Alexandria after himself, the first of the many cities he would later go on to establish as far east as Afghanistan. During his time in Egypt Alexander also paid a mysterious visit to the oracle of the god Ammon. The Greeks regarded Ammon as identical to Zeus. Alexander told no one the details of his consultation to the oracle, but the news got out that he had been informed he was the son of the god and tha t he joyfully accepted the designation as true. Through out his rein as king he never had had full control as long as his archrival Darius of Persia was around. Alexander had already considered himself king of Persia, but his right to the throne was in question as long as Darius was still alive and at large. So in the summer of 330 BC he marched north in pursuit of Darius. Alexander had almost caught up to him but Darius was slain by his own men, finally brought to rebellion by their long resentment of his mismanagement of the Persian defense. When Alexander came upon Darius's body he ordered it to be sent back to Persepolis to be buried in the royal cemetery of the Achaemenid kings. Now, at last, Alexander was officially the great king of Persia. So in conclusion his conquests impacted the world greatly. He had such a strong rule and had even created some nations that still stand today. The great General Patton once compared himself to Alexander the Great. This is just one example of the respect of his great military tactics. History

Analysis Of One Perfect Rose Essays - Literature, Poetic Form

Analysis Of One Perfect Rose Essays - Literature, Poetic Form Analysis Of One Perfect Rose In her poem One Perfect Rose, Dorothy Parker misleads the reader throughout the first and second stanzas into believing this poem is a romantic tribute to a tender moment from her past through her word choice and style of writing. However, the tone of the entire poem dramatically changes upon reading the third and final stanza when Parker allows the reader to understand her true intention of the poem, which is a cynical and perhaps bewildered view of the memory. And, with this shift in the tone in the third stanza, there is a shift in the meaning of the entire poem, leading the reader to believe that the first two stanzas were not, in fact, sweet but instead a sarcastic and bitter account of this past moment. In the first stanza, Dorothy Parker uses specific words to create a double meaning. She uses words like tenderly, pure, and perfect to describe both the rose and its sender. The words directly influence the readers initial reaction to the poem, as does the way in which she writes the poem. The stanza has four lines with every other line rhyming (ABAB format). It is short and sweet with a melodic quality in its reading. This musical quality definitely helps to lull the reader into the belief that the poems intention is to come across as a romantic recollection. However, in reading the poem through a second time, equipped with the knowledge of its true bitter notions, the reader sees what is purposely hidden but directly affects the overall tone. Parker mentions first and foremost the fact that this gentleman sent her a single flowr and ends the stanza with the phrase one perfect rose. There is a repetition here that at first the reader passes off as her noting the delicacy of the solitary flower. Upon reading the last stanza, it is realized that she is actually pointing out the fact that the only thing she received was one flower-thats it. And, although there is a melodic quality to the rhythm to this poem, this rhythm accentuates the abruptness of her speech. She cuts lines off and speaks in short fragmented sentences. This, again, is something that is not noticed in the first read-through, but it does stand out after this initial reading. It almost seems as if Parker could not be bothered to spend too much time on the poem: its as if it was not worth the time or the effort. The second stanza is similar in content to the first. There are words Parker uses to deceive the reader at first- fragile, heart, love, and perfect. There are again four lines to the stanza with the odd and the even lines rhyming. And, of course, there are those words that the reader misses the first time reading it through. Her use of the word floweret is a perfect example of this. She cunningly makes a show of the fact that this is one, single flower by itself, but because the word rhymes with the word amulet two lines down, this mocking goes unnoticed. As does her the true meaning of the line Love long has taken for his amulet. Using this rose as the unknown gentlemans call sign at first seems cute. Superman has his S, this gentleman has his One perfect rose. The reader comes to realize that this symbol is not an honorable one. In the third and final stanza, Parker really shines the light on her true intention for this poem. She continues with the same format as the previous two stanzas, four lines with every other line rhyming and short, fragmented lines. However, her real feelings come out loud and clear in this stanza where they did not in the first two. She did not want that one, singe rose. She wanted more, perhaps one perfect limousine. Here not only does she inform us what she wanted; she mocks what she did receive. Each line ends with the line One perfect rose, including the last stanza. And. In using the phrase one perfect limousine she makes her feeling completely obvious. The rose was unnecessary and unwanted. Using it three time over in the same phrase

Retail manaement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Retail manaement - Essay Example The proposed complex will have one department store and 40 other spaces of which many will be for office buildings. The boutique will encounter low competition which is a very positive factor. The Downtown Arcade also has its downside. The developers are placing an 8% corporate tax levy on all sales after $225,000. These types of taxes are common occurrences at malls, but it is a bit high and the $225,000 application tax point is too low. This area has been a business ghost town for over 50 years. There is a lot of uncertainly if the area can be transformed into a high level business activity area. The second potential location is called Tenderloin village. The place is an urban area in which there is business activity. The location has a lot benefits. The space is available for $1250 a month for a 900 square area lot. The contract is a short two year contract which gives the business owner flexibility. There are not extra charges related to large complex buildings. The landlord is a person Stephanie knows and trusts. The location has its disadvantages as well. There are three other small clothing stores in the area, so there is competition. The store is located in the basement of a home, thus the location has visibility issues and limited parking. The levels of walking traffic for this location are possibly low. The third location is called Appletree Mall which is an established mall with 8 years of existence. This location provides benefits for Stephanie’s boutique. The mall has lots of clientele and plenty of visitors. The sales of the mall went up by 12% last year. The space available is larger than the other lots with an overall space of 1200 square feet. The boutique would receive a large amount of walk-by traffic to the store which generates lots of sales. The mall is located just off an interstate highway which brings additional customers which are not necessarily residents of the region. The Appletree Mall also has its

Gangs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gangs - Assignment Example atson, supports the mission statements of organizations like The Peace Keepers, funded by Simmons, which uses mentors to curb violence and crime in communities by fostering a sense of pride and hope in communities besieged by violence, drugs and crime. Video taped messages by rappers Chuck D., Ludacris and Trenton native Wise Intelligent of the Poor Righteous Teachers will be featured during the event. Jay-Z, who once attended Trenton Central High School, was ranked as the 10th best overall artist of 2000-2009 by Billboard Magazine and was crowned by MTV as the ‘Greatest MC Of All Time.’ He is one of the four wealthiest hip-hop artists/producers besides 50 cent, Russell Simmons and Sean Combs. The rally is a community response to the horrifying news of the gang rapes of 15 and seven year old sisters at the Rowan Towers apartment complex last week by several males while at a party.† (New Jersey Newsroom, 2010) For the purpose of this essay, I interviewed a number of students who attend Trenton Central High School who also attended this concert rally, in order to see how they felt about the case, gang violence, and hip hop in relation to gangs. A lot of people, for example 7 out of the 10 people I discussed this with, all believed that hip-hop contributes to violence and gangs by glorifying the lifestyle and violence. But none of the same ten felt that hip hop music was any influence in the case of the 7 year old girl. In the majority opinion, 6 people believed that the sister was to blame for actually being a prostitute and pimping out her sister to the boys in the gang. Four of the 10 people questioned believed that the boys were to blame for the rape and not the sister. More of the surveyed people would blame the individuals for this crime, but blame the gangs (7/10) for the increase of drugs in the community vs. the individual users (3/10) who create the demand for drug supply. Almost all (8/10) agreed that the way gangs glorify drug use, drug dealing, and

The difference between nonviolent resistance and pacifism Essay

The difference between nonviolent resistance and pacifism - Essay Example lds of human action and interaction. On the other hand, where some who have less understanding of nuance sees that nonviolence is the absence of violence in all its forms and has a unitary meaning, there are those who differentiate among different forms of nonviolence basing the classification of different types on what motivates the actors in nonviolent action, and how those actors behave in the arena of human action (Sharp 41-43). On the other hand, Sohail Hashmi relates pacifism to the actions of Gandhi and makes use of the term Gandhian pacifism to brand the kind of an absence of violence as a means to achieve peace.... thics of pacifist and nonviolent actions and their conceptual formulations have special significance in Islam that warrants making the distinction, for instance (Hashmi and Lee; Sharp). Discussion To take the question into perspective, there are non-Muslim perspectives that make distinctions between nonviolent resistance and what is termed in the literature as modern pacifism. Nonviolent resistance or simply non-resistance refers to the phenomenon where people shun violence and acting to shun all forms of war on the basis of religious beliefs that such actions are disallowed by God on a fundamental level. This is in contrast to modern pacifism, which in comparison has a broader footprint and includes justifications for not going into war and supporting war from non-religious perspectives. Pacifism, as discussed here, is a larger umbrella term of which non-resistance or nonviolent resistance is a part. This distinction allows for a proper discussion, for instance of pacifism in differ ent ideological, political and even religious contexts, with religious here in reference to all kinds of religion, not just Islam and not just Christianity. One can talk for instance of Gandhian pacifist stances, where the roots are political and partly includes references to Gandhi’s Hindu religious leanings and philosophical stance (Sharp 42). On the other hand, in the literature too, there are discussions that interchange the use of pacifism with nonviolence and nonviolent resistance, alluding to the overlaps in the definition and the contexts of use of the two terms. Such is the case in discussions on the political contexts of the attainment of freedom as shifts in the political affairs of states from dictatorships to democratic and free nations. Sharp himself interchanges the use of

Amendment to Controlled Substances Act: Hydrocodone

Amendment to Controlled Substances Act: Hydrocodone H.R. 1285: To Amend the Controlled Substances Act to Make Any Substance Containing Hydrocodone a Schedule II Drug Jill Garreth Abstract This paper describes H.R. 1285, a bill proposed to amend the Controlled Substances Act to make any substance containing hydrocodone a Schedule II drug. It explores the historical, sociocultural, ethical, economic and the political/legislative environment in which the bill was introduced. Some of the difficulties encountered include the bill being referred to the House Committee of Judiciary and the House Committee of Energy and Commerce (H.R. 1285-113th Congress: To Amend the Controlled Substances Act to Make Any Substance Containing Hydrocodone A Schedule II Drug, 2013). Since being referred to both committees, there has been no further action taken on this bill by Congress (H.R. 1285-113th Congress: To Amend the Controlled Substances Act to Make Any Substance Containing Hydrocodone A Schedule II Drug, 2013). Stakeholders in the passage of this bill include physicians, pharmacists, advanced practice nurses, patients and long term care (LTC) facilities. The likelihood that H.R. 1285 will pass is very small due to the fact that the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) recently made a ruling that changed hydrocodone to a schedule II drug (Drug Enforcement Administration, 2014). Because of the DEA’s actions, it seems unnecessary to push forward with H.R. 1285. Keywords: hydrocodone, schedule II drugs, controlled substances, DEA H.R. 1285: To Amend the Controlled Substances Act to Make Any Substance Containing Hydrocodone a Schedule II Drug Introduction H. R. 1285 is a bill introduced March 20, 2013 to amend the Controlled Substances Act to make any substance containing hydrocodone a Schedule II drug (H.R. 1285-113th Congress: To Amend the Controlled Substances Act to Make Any Substance Containing Hydrocodone A Schedule II Drug, 2013). H.R. 1285 â€Å"amends the Controlled Substances Act to remove dihydrocodeinone (hydrocodone) from classification as a schedule III controlled substance. Directs the Attorney General to immediately allow manufacturers and distributors to store hydrocodone compound products in accordance with the physical security requirements for schedule III, IV, and V controlled substances for three years beginning on the date enactment of this Act. Requires the Comptroller General to submit a report on the reclassification of hydrocodone products under this Act, including: (1) an assessment of the degree to which the reclassification of such products under this Act impacts the ability of patients with legitimate m edical needs, particularly those in rural areas and nursing home facilities, to access adequate pain management; and (2) recommendations necessary to address any issues relating to patient access to adequate pain management† (H.R. 1285-113th Congress: To Amend the Controlled Substances Act to Make Any Substance Containing Hydrocodone A Schedule II Drug, 2013). H.R. 1285 is a piece of legislation that could directly affect the prescriptive authority of an advanced practice nurse (DEA Issues Info, 2012). Some states only allow an advanced practice nurse the authority to write prescriptions for drugs rated Schedule III and below and because of that, H.R. 1285 has the potential to affect advanced practice nurses in at least nine states (DEA Issues Info, 2012). Environment Historical Title 21 of the United States Code Controlled Substances Act classifies drugs based on three criteria (U.S. Code: Title 21-Food and Drugs, 2012). The criteria used to determine the schedule of the drug is the potential for abuse of the drug, whether the drug has an acceptable medical purpose and the type of dependence the drug may perpetuate (U.S. Code: Title 21-Food and Drugs, 2012). Between 2004 and 2009 products containing hydrocodone had an increase in demand of approximately 125% (Drug-Related Hospital Emergency Room Visits, 2011). Florida Congressman Vern Buchanan introduced this bill to help combat the growing prescription drug epidemic in his home state of Florida and wants to make hydrocodone combination products more difficult to obtain and prescribe (Congressman Vern Buchanan representing Florida, 2014). Sociocultural There are more than just health concerns that have brought this issue to forefront. There have been many studies done that show a direct link to drug abuse and crime. According to the Bureau of Justice, 30% of offenders in state detention facilities stated that they would likely commit crimes in order to get money for drugs (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2004). In Florida, at least 7 people die daily from prescription drug overdoses (Congressman Vern Buchanan representing Florida, 2014) and at least 75 people die daily nationwide (Drug Enforcement Administration, 2014). Crime and drug overdoses are just a few of the sociocultural considerations that caused Congressman Buchanan to introduce H.R. 1285. Ethical One ethical implication that pushes H.R. 1285 to the forefront of legislation is that because hydrocodone is a prescription medication, prescribers have an ethical responsibility to assist in combatting the misuse and abuse of this drug (Hamburg, 2014). H.R. 1285 is not designed to make it more difficult for patients with a legitimate need to obtain the medication but it is designed to assist the providers in making better educated decisions when prescribing medications that have such a high potential for abuse (Drug Enforcement Administration, 2014). Economic Economic factors that have made this issue important is not necessarily related to the cost of the drug but the cost of the effects of abuse of the drug. â€Å"Prescription opioid abuse costs were about $55.7 billion in 2007. Of this amount, 46% was attributable to workplace costs (e.g., lost productivity), 45% to healthcare costs (e.g., abuse treatment), and 9% to criminal justice costs† (Centers for Disease Control, 2014). In 2010 there were 49 million uninsured people in the United States (US Census Bureau, 2011). Rising healthcare costs and uninsured people need to be a consideration when legislators review H.R. 1285. Political/Legislative H.R. 1285 has been assigned to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce and the House Committee on Judiciary (H.R. 1285-113th Congress: To Amend the Controlled Substances Act to Make Any Substance Containing Hydrocodone A Schedule II Drug, 2013). The House Committee on Energy and Commerce has the responsibility of reviewing the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) ability to establish the effectiveness and safety of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs in the United States (Longest Jr., 2010). The House Committee on Judiciary has jurisdiction over revision to existing codes so it has an important role regarding amending the existing drug scheduling (United States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee, 2014). Despite the fact that both committees have a Republican majority, there has still been no movement on this bill. Difficulties Encountered H.R. 1285 was introduced on March 20, 2013 by Florida Republican Representative Vern Buchanan (H.R. 1285-113th Congress: To Amend the Controlled Substances Act to Make Any Substance Containing Hydrocodone A Schedule II Drug, 2013). This bill has 54 co-sponsors of which 32 are Republican and 22 are Democrat (H.R. 1285-113th Congress: To Amend the Controlled Substances Act to Make Any Substance Containing Hydrocodone a Schedule II Drug, 2013). H.R. 1285 has been referred to the House Committee of Judiciary and the House Committee of Energy and Commerce and the committee chair makes the determination on whether the bill moves forward (H.R. 1285-113th Congress: To Amend the Controlled Substances Act to Make Any Substance Containing Hydrocodone A Schedule II Drug, 2013). One difficulty noted in regards to H.R. 1285 is the fact that there has been no action taken since its introduction to Congress. There is no optimistic timeline to predict if H.R. 1285 is going to be passed. Speaking pess imistically, H.R. 1285 will not pass at all. As of October 6, 2014 a Drug Enforcement Administration’s (DEA) ruling took effect that is essentially in the same spirit as H.R. 1285 (Drug Enforcement Administration, 2014). This ruling reschedules hydrocodone from a schedule III drug to a schedule II drug (Drug Enforcement Administration, 2014). Since the DEA has already changed the schedule of hydrocodone and it has already been implemented, there is no need for further movement of H.R. 1285. Stakeholders in the passage of H.R. 1285 include physicians, pharmacists, advanced practice nurses, long term care (LTC) facilities and patients. LTC facilities have been especially vocal on this topic due to the fact they believe that any further regulation or change in the scheduling of certain narcotics will have a negative effect on patients in their facilities and the ease in which these patients will have access to them (Garrison Mitty, 2010). Nurses who work in these types of facil ities are encouraging others to join professional organizations and write to their legislators to make their voices heard (Garrison Mitty, 2010). Effects Some positive effects of H.R. 1285 are increased awareness for prescribers of the dangers of opioid dependence related to hydrocodone and a decrease in â€Å"doctor shopping† related to the tighter regulation and monitoring of hydrocodone (Phillips, 2013). Negatives of H.R. 1285 include increased difficulty for patients in LTC facilities to access physicians and obtain prescriptions needed to adequately address their pain needs (Garrison Mitty, 2010). Because of the tighter prescriber restrictions related to refills and the types of prescriptions accepted, those who reside in LTC facilities could have to wait longer to receive refills on much needed pain medication (Garrison Mitty, 2010). International The U.K. has similar problems to the U.S. when it comes to prescription drug abuse (Weisburg et al., 2014). The U.K. has the Health Act of 2006 which created Accountable Officers that track and audit the prescriptions written (Weisburg et al., 2014). The U.K. also has trialed a real-time monitoring system to be able to monitor irregular prescribing practices for certain drugs (Weisburg et al., 2014). Although it was only a trial of a computerized system, it showed great promise in assisting real-time monitoring of prescriptions written. Change to the Bill As with anything, there are always improvements that could be made. One way to refine H.R. 1285 is to implement mandatory education for prescribers. Requiring education in areas of opioid pain management, pain management alternatives and safe prescribing practices is one way that could improve policy outcomes (Weisburg et al., 2014). Another improvement that could be made is by establishing a universal standard to pain management and the dispensing of medication because by using a universal standard, improved outcomes can be expected (Gourlay et al., 2005). Another way to improve H.R. 1285 would be to include a plan to implement a national prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) (Drug Enforcement Administration, 2014). Many states already have a PDMP in place but it only monitors statewide activity (Drug Enforcement Administration, 2014). In order for a PDMP to be effective, it would need to be nationwide and offer up to date information (Drug Enforcement Administration, 2014). Conclusions H.R. 1285 is a bill introduced to Congress to change the schedule of hydrocodone from a schedule III to a schedule II drug. Congressman Vern Buchanan introduced this bill because of the growing drug epidemic he witnessed in his home state of Florida (Congressman Vern Buchanan representing Florida, 2014). He describes seeing more pain management clinics that dispense prescriptions for drugs than McDonald’s restaurants (Congressman Vern Buchanan representing Florida, 2014). Although H.R. 1285 was referred to two separate committees, the likelihood that the bill will be passed is very slim. There has been no further action taken on the bill by either committee. Prescribers, patients and LTC facilities have a stake in whether or not H.R. 1285 passes. All have concerns regarding difficulty in prescribing medication to those who truly need it and maintaining access for the patients who are living in a LTC facilities. Due to the recent ruling of the DEA that changed hydrocodone conta ining products from a schedule III drug to a schedule II drug, it seems unnecessary for H.R. 1285 to move forward (Drug Enforcement Administration, 2014). References Bureau of Justice Statistics 2004 Bureau of Justice StatisticsBureau of Justice Statistics (2004). Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved October 6, 2014, from http://www.bjs.gov 201410091059041289595843 Centers for Disease Control 2014 Prescription Drug Overdose in the United States: Fact SheetCenters for Disease Control (2014, July 3). Prescription Drug Overdose in the United States: Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov 20141009115559483260035 Congressman Vern Buchanan representing Florida 2014 Congressman Vern Buchanan representing FloridaCongressman Vern Buchanan representing Florida (2014). Congressman Vern Buchanan representing Florida. Retrieved from http://www.buchanan.house.gov 201410091015471184166312 DEA Issues Info 2012 American Association of Nurse PractitionersDEA Issues Info (2012, June). American Association of Nurse Practitioners. Retrieved from http://www.aanp.org 20141008133918138817310 Drug Enforcement Administration 2014 Schedules of Controlled Substances: Rescheduling of hydrocodone combination products from Schedule III to Schedule IIDrug Enforcement Administration (2014, August 22). Schedules of Controlled Substances: Rescheduling of hydrocodone combination products from Schedule III to Schedule II. Retrieved October 7, 2014, from http://federalregister.gov/a/2014-19922 20141009113706118370533 Drug-Related Hospital Emergency Room Visits 2011 National Institue of Drug AbuseDrug-Related Hospital Emergency Room Visits (2011). National Institute of Drug Abuse. Retrieved October 1, 2014, from http://www.drugabuse.gov 20141008130227593245745 Garrison K Mitty E 2010 Pain management and the U.S. Department of Justice.Garrison, K., Mitty, E. (2010). Pain management and the U.S. Department of Justice. Geriatric Nursing, 31(3), 214-219. 20141009140312276748895 Gourlay D Heit H Almahrezi A 2005 Universal precautions in pain medicine: A rational approach to the treatment of chronic pain.Gourlay, D., Heit, H., Almahrezi, A. (2005). Universal precautions in pain medicine: A rational approach to the treatment of chronic pain. American Academy of Pain Medicine, 6(2), 107-112. 201410091514541512988925 Hamburg M A 20140403 FDA Commissioner Margaret A. Hamburg statement on prescription opioid abuseHamburg, M. A. (2014, April 3). FDA Commissioner Margaret A. Hamburg statement on prescription opioid abuse. Retrieved October 7, 2014, from http://www.fda.gov 20141009112410159525513 HR 1285-113th Congress: To Amend the Controlled Substances Act to Make Any Substance Containing Hydrocodone A Schedule II Drug 2013H.R. 1285-113th Congress: To Amend the Controlled Substances Act to Make Any Substance Containing Hydrocodone A Schedule II Drug (2013). Retrieved from http://www.govtrack.us 20141008132123465403199 Longest B B 2010 Health policymaking in the United StatesLongest Jr., B. B. (2010). Health policymaking in the United States (5th ed.). Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press. 201410091217191092675209 Phillips J 2013 Prescription drug abuse: problem, policies and implications.Phillips, J. (2013). Prescription drug abuse: problem, policies and implications. Nursing Outlook, 61, 78-84. 201410091423161519538522 United States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee 2014 United States House of Representatives Judiciary CommitteeUnited States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee (2014). United States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee. Retrieved from http://www.judiciary.house.gov 201410091227131141156554 US Census Bureau 2011 Overview of Uninsured in the United States: A study of the 2011 current population surveyUS Census Bureau (2011, September). Overview of Uninsured in the United States: A study of the 2011 current population survey. Retrieved October 8, 2014, from http://hhs.gov 201410091201171076915503 US Code: Title 21-Food and Drugs 2012 Legal Information InstituteU.S. Code: Title 21-Food and Drugs (2012, January 14). Legal Information Institute. Retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu 20141008143645967177272 Weisburg D Becker W Fiellin D Stannard C 2014 Prescription opioid misuse in the United States and the United Kingdom: Cautionary lessons.Weisburg, D., Becker, W., Fiellin, D., Stannard, C. (2014). Prescription opioid misuse in the United States and the United Kingdom: Cautionary lessons. International Journal of Drug Policy, 20141009144237381562709

The Role of the Community in Artistic Endeavour Essay -- Islamic Grave

The Role of the Community in Artistic Endeavour Imagine a gravestone nearly a metre in height on a large base with incised geometric vine patterns. An elaborately carved collar with lotus motifs on a background pattern of a spider's web is found above this base. In the center of the stone, finely carved inscriptions of Sufi or Islamic mystic poems concerning death executed in Naskh calligraphic style are framed in decorative panels reminiscent of Persian illuminated manuscripts. The poem reads: "Listen. Verily the world is perishable, the world is not everlasting. Verily the world is like a Web woven by a spider" Flanking the inscriptions are elaborate floral motifs that protrude outwards and curl upwards, resembling wings. This whole arrangement is surmounted by a multi-tiered arrangement of forms symbolizing Mount Meru, the abode of Hindu gods, with the Muslim profession of faith or shahadah inscribed upon it. This stone is but one of several styles of a type of gravestones known as Batu Aceh (Type C, Appendix). Batu Aceh are a highly distinctive genre of early Southeast Asian Islamic gravestones manufactured in Aceh, North Sumatra from the late 13th century to the 19th century and exported to various parts of the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago. They were elaborately carved and expensive, and were a mark of distinction, being reserved for the graves of royalty and other important or wealthy persons. Although produced to mark Muslim graves, they are peculiar in exhibiting motifs drawn from Hindu and Buddhist religious philosophy. In this aspect they belong to the wider tradition of syncretism in Southeast Asian art and culture, in its inherent tendency to combine or reconcile differing beliefs and traditions. Can Bat... ...s directly to indigenous aesthetic ideals, the harmonious combination of Hindu/Buddhist, Islamic as well as indigenous elements in Batu Aceh not only proves the resilience of the underlying autochthonous culture and tradition, but points also to the creative synthesis and adaptive flexibility expressed by their anonymous carvers. Works Cited Othman bin Mohd. Yatim. Batu Aceh: Early Islamic gravestones in Peninsular Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: United Selangor Press, 1988 Bougas, Wayne A. "Some Early Islamic Tombstones in Patani" In JMBRAS vol. 59 part 1 1986 Best, David. The Rationality of Feeling: Understanding The Arts in Education. London: The Falmer Press, 1992 Hall, D G E. A History of South-East Asia. London: Macmillan, 1985 Bourassa, Stephen C. The Aesthetics of Landscape. London: Belhaven Press, 1991 Last updated: 24 June, 2003

Language and Communication in Psychology

Through detailed consideration of one selected area of investigation evaluate the progress made by researchers in developing explanations of key aspects of the psychology of language and communication. The study of language is frequently debated in different theories of human nature. The importance of language is relevant when it to comes to the work of philosophers, neuroscientist, humanist and psychologist. Language has been applicable to Aristotle, Plato, Hume, Locke, Freud and Skinner. This essay seeks in investigating the definition of language and communication. In doing so traditional language theories will be assessed, this will later be compared to modern progression by researchers in developing explanations of the psychology of language and communication. The development of language and language disorders will be evaluated in order to successfully investigate the modern approaches to language. Firstly, the evaluation of language, its origins, process and the use have been investigated in areas such as computational theory, cognitive neuroscience, evolutional and cultural psychology in contemporary studies of language. Language is usually seen as systems for example English, French and Italian even seen as systems of language it can be used to describe other things because of its broad definition, In describing music for instance or art. These areas can have its own language that needs to be learnt to understand and interpret music for example. Language in general can be used in any form of communication. Since language is broad it is important to study specific areas of language, instead of its general definition (Bloom, . P, 2007) . This is so that direct questions can be answered. As a result the narrow questioned being investigated can be generalised to other systems of language. It is known that some form of language is used everyday, linguistics is dedicated field of the scientific study of everyday language and even though the broad term is difficult to define, linguists believe that ‘language is a formal system of agreed rules that have to be followed by a speaker. In this system there is the addition of morphology also known as the formation of words, syntax the formation of phrases and phonology, sound systems (Fromkin 2000). Secondly, Charles Dawins works have been used as a platform in the belief that’ man has an instinctive tendency to speak, as we see in the babble of our young children; whilst no child has an instinctive tendency to brew, bake, or write’ Darwin (1871). This gives the idea that language comes natural, that humans have been biologically designed to speak. Neurological studies support the idea that language is part of the human nature through the investigations of dedicated parts of the brain for language. It is believed that this might explain why every human society has language. The idea has therefore raised questions as to whether language is innate or a cultural innovation. Language deficits and aphasia has been investigated in recent studies to prove what happens when these dedicated parts for language are damaged. The works of cognitive neuropsychologist is to use theoretical frameworks and methods to specific language impairments. During the initial stages of Cognitive neuropsychological (in the second half of the nineteenth century) neurologists such as Lichtheim, Wernicke and Bastian began to make assumption about the design of the brain and its fixed language processing systems (Coltheart, 2006) this brought about the box-and-arrow diagrams in an attempt to demonstrate the brain’s architecture. In taking this thought further, how these components in the brain were localised was also studied. Even though at the time the cognitive function of language was not proved, by the failed attempt of localising the brain, it was relevant in influencing the work of other psychologist, an example is the later simplified version conducted by Coltheart. The work of Lichtheim, Wernicke and Bastian, received a lot of criticism from neurologist that were not cognitively oriented such as Head (1926) this led to fall in cognitive neuropsychological and the rise of behaviourism. Shallice, (1988) have suggested that cognitive neuropsychological data are too â€Å"noisy† and there difficult in being used further than exploring the brains functional architecture. Others such as McCloskey & Caramazza, (1991) have argued against this point. Stating that there shouldn’t be a restriction on what data produced cognitive theory at ‘any arbitrary level of detail’. Thirdly, It was not until the mid twentieth century that there was a Cognitive revolution† with the work of Broadbent (1956), Chomsky, (1959) Miller, Galanter, & Pribram,(1960), also study from Marshall and Newcombe (1966, 1973) looking into cognitive neuropsychology of reading and from Shallice and Warrington (1970) memory. This also included the work into the development of researching sentence processing in aphasia, where linguistic and psycholinguistic theory were responsible for the analysis of aphasic symptoms (Caramazza & Zurif, 1976 ; Marin, Saffran, & Schwartz, 1976) . A substantial amount of evidence afterwards has been produced in showing modularity in the brain. This shows that even though language is specifically located in the brain it is split into separate stages that may selectively be disrupted. (Berndt, Basili and Caramazza 1987) it is therefore established that specific lesions (in specific parts of the brain dedicated to language) will not affect the entire language process. This might see a patient losing the ability to understand spoken word but retain the ability to repeat words, suggesting that there are separate modules responsible for separate actions in the brain. (Schwartz,Saffran, & Marin, 1980) Fodor (1983) was also in support of the modularity of the brain after incorporating some of the ideas that were developed in cognitive neuropsychological. Foder describes a module as a domain specific. This is where the brain stores information that is responsible for a specific mental representation. For instance speech perception uses a separate path then that used in different auditory analysis and controls only acoustic signals, perceived as utterances. D. Bishop (1997). Superior cognitive functions can not affect the processes of modules in the brain, known as ‘information encapsulation’. In this processing becomes fixed. The fact that modular processing can not be influenced by higher cognitive operations describes the term. It is difficult to take no notice of incoming speech—even if attention is not used for receiving speech, a response will take place one will immediately respond on hearing a relevant sound for instance a someone own name (Foder 1983). Fodor with the support of evolutionary arguments states that the brain complex system can be broken down into layers, through case studies of selective impaired patients having a particular effect on the process of language. He believes that language therefore is innate and pre- programmed in humans. Human studies have relied wholly on researches regarding nature. The main reasons for carrying out functional neuroimaging are to improve peoples take on the variable anatomical functions of language. This then leads on to the argument that’s the much debated Broca’s area which is linked to speech production can be subdivided into three regions, a posterior and superior region that is involved with sounds of language, an interior and ventral region that is involved with meaning of words and a regions between the other two that is involved with meaning conveyed by sentences. Research carried out during the analysis on the anatomy and physiological aspects of the auditory processing in animals, show specific revelations regarding how the human brain perceives and process speech. Ignoring the concerns of critics, Researchers studying this phenomenon have resorted to using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) (which was introduced as a basic tool for monitoring language and brain activities) with the exception of people affected by induced nervous disorders such as stroke, to produce valuable evaluation, with regards to how language is organised in the human brain. Critics believe this is another example of wasted effort especially with the exclusion of patients with neurological disorders as study showed that this illness affects mainly the social and professional lives of those affected and sometimes it is not enough to impair their speech recognition abilities. PET has four advantages for the study of language: (i) it does not lose sensitivity and spatial localisation in important anterior and medial temporal lobe structures, a (current) problem with fMRI due to susceptibility artefacts and geometric shifts4,,5; (ii) its lower spatial resolution makes it orders of magnitude less susceptible to movement artefacts time-locked to stimulus and response, as occurs with overt articulation (most fMRI studies of word retrieval use covert responses); (iii) it does not create the din that is a feature of data acquisition in an MR scanner, requiring special techniques when important acoustic features in auditory stimuli may be masked6; and (iv) in the serial study of aphasic patients, it is the author's anecdotal experience that patients are far more likely to agree to come back for a second PET scan than to go back into a MRI magnet, a much more intimidating environment. † Coltheart (2005). Technological development such as the scanning of the brain has been shown to be critical in the work of language processing. Since language is built into the brain PET scans is useful method in watching the brain at work with the use of basic words. The area of the brain that is activated during the process of language can be identified (recognition of words). Further studies on thought processing (especially with regards to language) shows that certain groups of people were not able to process language normally. â€Å"a group has to be anatomically normalized into the same stereotactic space. To allow for individual variations of gyral and sulcal anatomy, the image data have to be smoothed. This is because of the problem of lesion distribution. Ablation studies in non-human animals are placed with great care, and often post mortem examinations are performed after the behavioural experiments to confirm the boundaries of the lesion. The unsubtle lesions occurring as the consequence of cerebrovascular disease, necrotising viral infections, etc. may destroy cortex, local white matter connections, major white matter tracts connecting remote cortical regions, sub-cortical nuclei, and their reciprocal connections with cortical areas. No lesion experiment in a non-human animal, relating structure to function, would be accepted for publication if clipping of a major arterial branch produced the focal injury. † Coltheart (2005) It is clear that studies on the human brain have been dependant on nature experiments with the application of liberal scientific standard. This has therefore allowed certain syndromes to be associated to lesions. ‘This sometimes have been related to marked inter-subject distinction in the cortical organisation of function, which, would mean that studies of structure–function relationships in the human, other than early perceptual and motor processes, are meaningless. It would seem much more plausible that broadly similar clinical syndromes may result from very differently sited cortical, sub-cortical or tract lesions within distributed neural systems that are essentially similar between subjects with the same handedness and uneventful development. Coltheart (2005) The data from useful neuroimaging is a vital contribution to the perspective of language and its structure. It is therefore useful when used on normal subjects in pinpointing where modular language processors a re. The traditional Broca’s area in the left frontal gyrus can be divided further into three parts it has been argued: ‘one that is posterior and superior and is involved in the sound structure (phonology) of language; a second, anterior and ventral that is concerned with the meaning of words (semantics); and a third, lying in-between the first two regions, that is involved in meaning conveyed by sentence structure (syntax). Of particular clinical relevance is the ability to determine shifts of function after focal brain lesions and how these may be potentially modified or even induced by behavioural or drug therapy’. Caplan (2006) The recent cognitive studies have been useful in producing architecture and process of the brain but there are few studies that evaluate the technique of neuroimaging in a negative manner. Poeppel, (1996) states that neuroimaging so far has told us nothing about the mind so far. In support of this notion Orden and Paap (1997) agree that nothing has been learnt from neuroimaging and never will. It is believed that complexity of cognition can not produces evidence through this technique. Henson (2005) has provided a vital framework for considering the role of brainimaging data in cognitive psychology. He writes: â€Å"My main argument is that, provided one makes the assumption that there is some ‘systematic’mapping from psychological function to brain structure, then functional neuroimaging data simply comprise another dependent variable, along with behavioural data, that can be used to distinguish between competing psychological theories† (p. 194). This idea recognises that there is some systematic mapping from psychological function to the structure of the brain. To conclude, Cognitive neuropsychology can be easily seen as a branch of cognitive psychology which has been vital to study of language and how it is processed in the brain. It has been useful in creating theories through the study of subjects performance in which normal cognition are identified. There have been several studies in support of how the language is processed in the brain to further prove or disprove these theories. The studies of these damaged sections have been able to be looked at through the advancement of technology. These scans have been able to explain a range of questions about the processing of language in the brain for instance, the lateralized view of the human brain. This has also been observed in animals that also use sound for communication e. g. monkeys birds and dolphins. In this the control of sound production is usually in the left hemisphere also seen in humans. The two major areas of the human brain that are responsible for language are the Broca's area ,this is partially responsible for putting sentences together and using correct syntax secondly the Wernicke's area, which is partially responsible for language processing (untangling others' sentences and analyzing them for syntax, inflection, etc. ). Broca aphasia is used to describe if the Broca areas is damaged. side effects show slow, hesitant speech that lack grammer. Typical Broca's aphasics can not words not essential to the significance of the sentence, such as the and and. When the Wernicke area is damaged then it is known as Wernicke's aphasia. It can be seen as opposite to Broca's aphasia. Wernicke's aphasics are able to make general sentences but they are often senseless and include made-up words. Wernicke's aphasics show signs of understanding others' speech, but have difficulty naming objects Other types of aphasia noted in brain-damaged patients can show even worse effects. If Wernicke's and Broca's area are disconnected, patients struggle to repeat sentence said out to them. This shows that there is the possibility Wernicke's area, which has processed the sentence heard, is unable to communicate it to Broca's area for repetition. In another type, Wernicke's and Broca's areas remain connected but cannot communicate with the rest of the brain. Patients can only repeat sentences but fail to speak on impulse speech (Pinker 1994).

Practice in Using Capital Letters - An Editing Exercise

Practice in Using Capital Letters - An Editing Exercise After reviewing our Guidelines for Using Capital Letters, test your editing skills with this exercise. Instructions In the following sentences, some words need to be capitalized, and some words that are capitalized should be in lower case. Correct the capitalization errors, and then compare your answers with those below. During first-year orientation, my Brother registered for classes in Psychology, Spanish, Biology, and English.The Avengers, long awaited by fans of the Comic Book, assembled several superheroes in one movie: iron man, captain america, the hulk, thor, hawkeye, and black widow.In the Spring of 2012, I graduated from Hollywood high school in Los Angeles, California.One of the Worlds richest people is mayor Michael Bloomberg, Founder of Bloomberg L.P.The man in the hawaiian shirt drove a Chevrolet Corvette Sports Car with expired Texas License Plates.The New York times reported that scientists had deciphered a sequence of the dna of Molecular Biologist James Watson.In 1610, German Astronomer Johannes Kepler observed that two Moons orbit the planet mars.Following the setting Sun, we drove West on interstate 80.On memorial day, I visited Arlington national cemetery with my Father.One of the most memorable instances of Product Placement in sports occurred at the 1999 fifa Womens World Cup w hen Brandi Chastain removed her shirt to reveal a nike sports bra. Quiz Responses Here (in bold) are the answers to the exercise above. During first-year orientation, my  brother  registered for classes in  psychology, Spanish,  biology, and English.The Avengers, long awaited by fans of the  comic book, assembled several superheroes in one movie:  Iron Man, Captain America, the  Hulk, Thor, Hawkeye, and  Black Widow.In the  spring  of 2012, I graduated from Hollywood  High School  in Los Angeles, California.One of the  worlds  richest people is  Mayor  Michael Bloomberg,  founder  of Bloomberg L.P.The man in the  Hawaiian  shirt drove a Chevrolet Corvette  sports car  with expired Texas  license plates.The New York  Times  reported that scientists had deciphered a sequence of the  DNA  of  molecular biologist  James Watson.In 1610, German  astronomer  Johannes Kepler observed that two  moons  orbit the planet  Mars.Following the setting  sun, we drove  west  on  Interstate  80.On  Memorial Day, I visited Arlington  National Cemetery   with my  father.One of the most memorable instances of  product placement  in sports occurred at the 1999  FIFA  Womens World Cup when Brandi Chastain removed her shirt to reveal a  Nike  sports bra.

Healthcare Insurance in the United States

Healthcare Insurance in the United States In the United States, it is estimated that close to 100 million citizens receive their healthcare insurance through their employers; this is a program referred to as Employer-Sponsored Healthcare. Based on the implications and benefits from this healthcare strategy, it suffices to conclude that employers should be responsible for providing healthcare insurance to their employees, as well as their families.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Healthcare Insurance in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Purchasing insurance for the workers by their employer has significant benefits to the last one. It has economic advantages, as this tends to reduce administrative costs. When employees are registered as a group, the cost of administration is reduced as opposed to individual registration where a person has to bear all the costs. The problem of adverse risk selection is also reduced through the employer-sponsor ed healthcare insurance since most employer-sponsored groups are stable: they are formed for reasons of purchasing the cover. On the other hand, individual policies tend to be higher due to the high rate of risk selection. Another reason is that these insurance policies help the employee enjoy costs reduction because the employer is exempted from state and federal social security and income security payroll taxes. This advantage enables the employees to save their money for household and other basic needs. Individual insurance polices deduct social security from the payroll of individual, hence increasing their cost of healthcare insurance. Employer-sponsored healthcare insurance is also convenient as it saves the employees’ time since the employees automatically make the deductions from their payrolls. Therefore, they are not involved in the process of sending or remitting the premium on monthly basis. More importantly, one cannot evade the question of innovation that goes h and in hand with employer-sponsored healthcare in terms of the delivery system that is evident only in the U.S. It has developed a way to the redistribution of care to cover the costs for patients residing both within and outside the health centers. This healthcare program has led to the adoption of high quality models that take care of both funding and release of healthcare services to the employees, as well as their families. Kaiser Permanente is an excellent illustration of these models. Another advantage of the employer-sponsored healthcare is the establishment of more complex techniques of meeting the healthcare needs of the employees from all the angles. For instance, successive innovations have seen the dawn of bone-marrow transplant measures. On the other hand, individual insurance is much expensive in terms of premiums, thus it is a disadvantage to the employee. Furthermore, it takes the individual a lot of time to remit the monthly premiums. The cost of administration of t he premium is also high resulting in high premium. In addition, individual insurance premiums are taxed on a regression tax policy.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Those individuals with high income are subjected to high marginal tax rates because of the expensive policies they hold. Therefore, considering these drawbacks, an employer within or outside the U.S. concerned about the needs of his/her workers will definitely offer the employer-sponsored healthcare insurance to his/her employees.

ACCOUNTING FOR STRATEGIC & MANAGEMENT CONTROL'S [CASE STUDY] Case Study

ACCOUNTING FOR STRATEGIC & MANAGEMENT CONTROL'S [ ] - Case Study Example Strategic management accounting incorporates the concept of strategic management, the elements of management – planning, implementing and controlling, and the use of financial information to aid sustainable decision making (Ramljak & Rogosic, 2012, p. 56). Based on the above definitions of strategic management accounting, after the acquisition of the Boutique Hotel by Ave-Co, the 14 Hotels were divided into three regions headed by regional managers. First, each manager had an autonomous management authority over a region. Therefore, decisions such as price determination were done without prior consultation with the parent company. To some extent, the authority given to the respective regional managers contributed to the decline in financial performance of the Boutique Hotel. The reason is the regional managers, by acting independently, could lose sight of the overall objective of the company (Ma & Tayles, 2009, p. 473-480). Second, every manager should answer to another higher authority. This helps keep the managers interests and actions in line with the overall objectives of the company. The regional managers of Boutique Hotel were acting independently, thus were under no pressure to improve the financial performance of the organization. Therefore, the mentioned reason, partly led to the decline in the financial performance of the organization (Ramljak & Rogosic, 2012, p. 94-97). The two points discussed above were concerned with the control issues in the organization. Next in line are issues concerning the Ave-Co’s finance department. The financial department of the parent company had the dual responsibility of servicing both the parent company and the Hotel. However, there was little interaction between the Hotel managers and the finance department, which inhibited the sharing of financial information. Consequently, effective financial analysis and the implementation

Operations Management MBA program Quality Management case study Essay

Operations Management MBA program Quality Management case study - Essay Example These parts are then accumulated and sent to the film assembly machines to produce a 10-frame cartridge. The completed cartridges are then inventoried and sent to the packaging section to fill a large shipping carton. The shipping cartons are then stacked, palletized and stored ready for shipment. The management of the R2 plant focuses on high volume output, low operating costs, timely production and low defect rates in their manufacturing processes The quality control department was responsible for sampling the lot of finished cartridges for defects and create a disposition whether to release the lot to the market or hold the lot for further testing and rework or reject the whole lot as unacceptable. This is a traditional approach of quality control where the efforts of quality control are focused on the last stage of production prior to delivery of products. This type of approach is very costly, time consuming and wasteful. In 1985, the R2 plant introduced and implemented a new process control program which they named Project Greenlight. The program involves a statistical process control chart that measures the variability of the product attributes and variables such as Pod Weight and Finger Height.